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Router

rama::http::service::web::router

Struct Router 

pub struct Router<State = (), Layer = DefaultEndpointLayer, O = Response, E = RouterError> { /* private fields */ }
Available on crate feature http only.
Expand description

A basic router that can be used to route requests to different services based on the request path.

This router uses matchit::Router to efficiently match incoming requests to predefined routes. Each route is associated with an HttpMatcher and a corresponding service handler.

Implementations§

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impl<O, E> Router<(), DefaultEndpointLayer, O, E>

pub fn new() -> Router<(), DefaultEndpointLayer, O, E>

create a new router.

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impl<State, O, E> Router<State, DefaultEndpointLayer, O, E>
where State: Send + Sync + Clone + 'static,

pub fn new_with_state(state: State) -> Router<State, DefaultEndpointLayer, O, E>

Create a new router with state

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impl<State, L, O, E> Router<State, L, O, E>
where State: Send + Sync + Clone + 'static,

pub fn state(&self) -> &State

Get reference to the state.

pub fn with_endpoint_layer<N>(self, layer: N) -> Router<State, N, O, E>

Apply layer to every endpoint registered after this call.

Routes registered before this call keep whatever layer was in effect at the time of registration.

pub fn with_default_endpoint_layer( self, ) -> Router<State, DefaultEndpointLayer, O, E>

Apply DefaultEndpointLayer to every endpoint registered after this call.

Routes registered before this call keep whatever layer was in effect at the time of registration.

pub fn with_get<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a GET route to the router. the path can contain parameters, e.g. /users/{id}. the path can also contain a catch call, e.g. /assets/{*path}.

pub fn set_get<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a GET route to the router. the path can contain parameters, e.g. /users/{id}. the path can also contain a catch call, e.g. /assets/{*path}.

pub fn with_post<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a POST route to the router.

pub fn set_post<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a POST route to the router.

pub fn with_put<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a PUT route to the router.

pub fn set_put<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a PUT route to the router.

pub fn with_delete<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a DELETE route to the router.

pub fn set_delete<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a DELETE route to the router.

pub fn with_patch<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a PATCH route to the router.

pub fn set_patch<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a PATCH route to the router.

pub fn with_head<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a HEAD route to the router.

pub fn set_head<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a HEAD route to the router.

pub fn with_options<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a OPTIONS route to the router.

pub fn set_options<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a OPTIONS route to the router.

pub fn with_trace<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a TRACE route to the router.

pub fn set_trace<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a TRACE route to the router.

pub fn with_connect<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a CONNECT route to the router.

pub fn set_connect<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a CONNECT route to the router.

pub fn with_sub_router_make_fn<Layer>( self, prefix: impl AsRef<str>, configure_router: impl FnOnce(Router<State, L, O, E>) -> Router<State, Layer, O, E>, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where L: Clone, Router<State, Layer, O, E>: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

register a nested router under a prefix (path).

The prefix is used to match the request path and strip it from the request URI.

Note: this sub-router is configured with the same State this router has.

pub fn set_sub_router_make_fn<Layer>( &mut self, prefix: impl AsRef<str>, configure_router: impl FnOnce(Router<State, L, O, E>) -> Router<State, Layer, O, E>, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where L: Clone, Router<State, Layer, O, E>: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

register a nested router under a prefix (path).

The prefix is used to match the request path and strip it from the request URI.

Note: this sub-router is configured with the same State this router has.

pub fn with_endpoint_service<I, T>( self, prefix: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointService<T>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointService<T>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointService<T>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

Register a nested endpoint service under a prefix (path).

The prefix is used to match the request path and strip it from the request URI. Endpoint layer is applied to this sub-service.

Warning: If a sub-service is a plain Service, not an endpoint function, it has no notion of the state this router has. If you want to create a sub-router that shares the same state this router has, use Router::with_sub_router_make_fn instead.

pub fn set_endpoint_service<I, T>( &mut self, prefix: impl AsRef<str>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointService<T>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointService<T>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointService<T>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

Register a nested endpoint service under a prefix (path).

The prefix is used to match the request path and strip it from the request URI. Endpoint layer is applied to this sub-service.

Warning: If a sub-service is a plain Service, not an endpoint function, it has no notion of the state this router has. If you want to create a sub-router that shares the same state this router has, use Router::with_sub_router_make_fn instead.

pub fn with_sub_service<S>( self, prefix: impl AsRef<str>, service: S, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where S: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

Register a nested service under a prefix (path).

The prefix is used to match the request path and strip it from the request URI.

Warning: This sub-service has no notion of the state this router has. If you want to create a sub-router that shares the same state this router has, use Router::with_sub_router_make_fn instead. Also, the endpoint layer is not applied to it, so its Output / Error must match those of the Router If you need its type conversions, consider Router::with_endpoint_service

pub fn set_sub_service<S>( &mut self, prefix: impl AsRef<str>, service: S, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where S: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

Register a nested service under a prefix.

The prefix is used to match the request path and strip it from the request URI.

Warning: This sub-service has no notion of the state this router has. If you want to create a sub-router that shares the same state this router has, use Router::with_sub_router_make_fn instead. Also, the endpoint layer is not applied to it, so its Output / Error must match those of the Router If you need its type conversions, consider Router::set_endpoint_service

pub fn with_match_route<I, T>( self, path: impl AsRef<str>, matcher: HttpMatcher<Body>, service: I, ) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a route to the router with it’s matcher and service.

pub fn set_match_route<I, T>( &mut self, path: impl AsRef<str>, matcher: HttpMatcher<Body>, service: I, ) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

add a route to the router with it’s matcher and service.

pub fn with_not_found<I, T>(self, service: I) -> Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

use the provided service when no route matches the request.

pub fn set_not_found<I, T>(&mut self, service: I) -> &mut Router<State, L, O, E>
where I: IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>, L: Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>, <L as Layer<<I as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<T, State>>::Service>>::Service: Service<Request, Output = O, Error = E>,

use the provided service when no route matches the request.

Trait Implementations§

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impl<S, L, O, E> Debug for Router<S, L, O, E>

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Default for Router

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fn default() -> Router

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more
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impl<State, L, O, E> Service<Request> for Router<State, L, O, E>
where O: Send + 'static, E: Send + From<RouterError> + 'static, L: Send + Sync + 'static, State: Send + Sync + Clone + 'static,

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type Output = O

The type of the output returned by the service.
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type Error = E

The type of error returned by the service.
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async fn serve( &self, req: Request, ) -> Result<<Router<State, L, O, E> as Service<Request>>::Output, <Router<State, L, O, E> as Service<Request>>::Error>

Serve an output or an error for the given input
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fn boxed(self) -> BoxService<Input, Self::Output, Self::Error>

Box this service to allow for dynamic dispatch.

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl<State = (), Layer = DefaultEndpointLayer, O = Response, E = RouterError> !Freeze for Router<State, Layer, O, E>

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impl<State = (), Layer = DefaultEndpointLayer, O = Response, E = RouterError> !RefUnwindSafe for Router<State, Layer, O, E>

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impl<State, Layer, O, E> Send for Router<State, Layer, O, E>
where Layer: Send, State: Send,

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impl<State, Layer, O, E> Sync for Router<State, Layer, O, E>
where Layer: Sync, State: Sync,

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impl<State, Layer, O, E> Unpin for Router<State, Layer, O, E>
where Layer: Unpin, State: Unpin,

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impl<State, Layer, O, E> UnsafeUnpin for Router<State, Layer, O, E>
where Layer: UnsafeUnpin, State: UnsafeUnpin,

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impl<State = (), Layer = DefaultEndpointLayer, O = Response, E = RouterError> !UnwindSafe for Router<State, Layer, O, E>

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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where T: 'a,

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fn explicit(self, class: Class, tag: u32) -> TaggedParser<'a, Explicit, Self, E>

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impl<S, Input, Connection> ConnectorService<Input> for S
where S: Service<Input, Output = EstablishedClientConnection<Connection, Input>>, <S as Service<Input>>::Error: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>, Connection: Send + ExtensionsRef,

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type Connection = Connection

Connection returned by the ConnectorService
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type Error = <S as Service<Input>>::Error

Error returned in case of connection / setup failure
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fn connect( &self, input: Input, ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<EstablishedClientConnection<<S as ConnectorService<Input>>::Connection, Input>, <S as ConnectorService<Input>>::Error>> + Send

Establish a connection, which often involves some kind of handshake, or connection revival.
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impl<T, ReqBody, ResBody> GrpcService<ReqBody> for T
where T: Service<Request<ReqBody>, Output = Response<ResBody>>, <T as Service<Request<ReqBody>>>::Error: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>, ResBody: Body, <ResBody as Body>::Error: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>,

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type ResponseBody = ResBody

Responses body given by the service.
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type Error = <T as Service<Request<ReqBody>>>::Error

Errors produced by the service.
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fn serve( &self, request: Request<ReqBody>, ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Response<<T as GrpcService<ReqBody>>::ResponseBody>, <T as GrpcService<ReqBody>>::Error>> + Send

Process the request and return the response asynchronously. Read more
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impl<S, Body> HttpClientExt for S
where S: Service<Request, Output = Response<Body>>, <S as Service<Request>>::Error: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>,

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type ExecuteResponse = Response<Body>

The response type returned by the execute method.
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type ExecuteError = <S as Service<Request>>::Error

The error type returned by the execute method.
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fn get( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a GET request to a URL. Read more
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fn post( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a POST request to a URL. Read more
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fn put( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a PUT request to a URL. Read more
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fn patch( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a PATCH request to a URL. Read more
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fn delete( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a DELETE request to a URL. Read more
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fn head( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a HEAD request to a URL. Read more
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fn connect( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Convenience method to make a CONNECT request to a URL. Read more
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fn request( &self, method: Method, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>

Start building a Request with the Method and Url. Read more
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fn build_from_request<RequestBody>( &self, request: Request<RequestBody>, ) -> RequestBuilder<'_, S, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse>
where RequestBody: Into<Body>,

Start building a Request, using the given Request. Read more
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fn execute( &self, request: Request, ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<<S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteResponse, <S as HttpClientExt>::ExecuteError>>

Executes a Request. Read more
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impl<S, Body> HttpClientWebSocketExt<Body> for S
where S: Service<Request, Output = Response<Body>>, <S as Service<Request>>::Error: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>,

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fn websocket( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> WebSocketRequestBuilder<WithService<'_, S, Body>>

Create a new WebSocketRequestBuilder] to be used to establish a WebSocket connection over http/1.1.
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fn websocket_h2( &self, url: impl IntoUrl, ) -> WebSocketRequestBuilder<WithService<'_, S, Body>>

Create a new WebSocketRequestBuilder to be used to establish a WebSocket connection over h2.
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fn websocket_with_request<RequestBody>( &self, req: Request<RequestBody>, ) -> WebSocketRequestBuilder<WithService<'_, S, Body>>
where RequestBody: Into<Body>,

Create a new WebSocketRequestBuilder starting from the given request. Read more
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impl<T> Instrument for T

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self> ⓘ

Instruments this type with the provided Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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where U: From<T>,

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Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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impl<S> IntoEndpointService<(S,)> for S
where S: Service<Request>,

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type Service = S

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fn into_endpoint_service(self) -> <S as IntoEndpointService<(S,)>>::Service

convert the type into a rama_core::Service.
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impl<S, State> IntoEndpointServiceWithState<(S,), State> for S
where S: Service<Request>,

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type Service = S

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fn into_endpoint_service_with_state( self, _state: State, ) -> <S as IntoEndpointServiceWithState<(S,), State>>::Service

convert the type into a rama_core::Service with state.
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impl<T> IntoRequest<T> for T

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fn into_request(self) -> Request<T>

Wrap the input message T in a rama_grpc::Request
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impl<L> LayerExt<L> for L

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fn named_layer<S>(&self, service: S) -> Layered<<L as Layer<S>>::Service, S>
where L: Layer<S>,

Applies the layer to a service and wraps it in Layered.
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impl<T> Pointable for T

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const ALIGN: usize

The alignment of pointer.
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type Init = T

The type for initializers.
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unsafe fn init(init: <T as Pointable>::Init) -> usize

Initializes a with the given initializer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a T

Dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref_mut<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a mut T

Mutably dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: usize)

Drops the object pointed to by the given pointer. Read more
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impl<T> PolicyExt for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn and<P, B, E>(self, other: P) -> And<T, P>
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Create a new Policy that returns Action::Follow only if self and other return Action::Follow. Read more
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Create a new Policy that returns Action::Follow if either self or other returns Action::Follow. Read more
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impl<T, U> RamaFrom<T> for U
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fn rama_from(value: T) -> U

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impl<T, U, CrateMarker> RamaInto<U, CrateMarker> for T
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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

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Performs the conversion.
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

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fn vzip(self) -> V

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impl<V, F> ValueFormatter<&V> for F
where F: ValueFormatter<V> + ?Sized, V: ?Sized,

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fn format_value(writer: impl ValueWriter, value: &&V)

Write value to writer
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impl<V, F> ValueFormatter<Arc<V>> for F
where F: ValueFormatter<V> + ?Sized, V: ?Sized,

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fn format_value(writer: impl ValueWriter, value: &Arc<V>)

Write value to writer
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impl<V, F> ValueFormatter<Box<V>> for F
where F: ValueFormatter<V> + ?Sized, V: ?Sized,

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fn format_value(writer: impl ValueWriter, value: &Box<V>)

Write value to writer
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impl<V, F> ValueFormatter<Cow<'_, V>> for F
where V: ToOwned + ?Sized, F: ValueFormatter<V> + ?Sized,

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fn format_value(writer: impl ValueWriter, value: &Cow<'_, V>)

Write value to writer
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impl<V, F> ValueFormatter<Option<V>> for F
where F: ValueFormatter<V> + ?Sized,

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fn format_value(writer: impl ValueWriter, value: &Option<V>)

Write value to writer
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impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

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fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self> ⓘ
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more
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fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self> ⓘ

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more
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impl<ST, DT> CastableFrom<ST, Initialized, Initialized> for DT
where ST: ?Sized, DT: ?Sized,

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impl<ST, DT> CastableFrom<ST, Uninit, Uninit> for DT
where ST: ?Sized, DT: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Read<Exclusive, BecauseExclusive> for T
where T: ?Sized,